answer anonymous question

kidney stones (learn how to prevent them)

What are kidney stones?

A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals thatseparate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.Kidney stones are made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together, creating small "pebbles” formed within the kidney or urinary tract. They can be as small as grains of sand or as large as golf balls. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. One in every 20 people develops a kidney stone at some point in their life.

What causes kidney stones?

The most common cause of kidney stones is not drinking enough water.
Kidney stones form when a change occurs in the normal balance of water, salts, minerals, and other substances found in urine. Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine. Dehydration through reduced fluid intake and strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increase the risk of kidney stones. Some people are more likely to get kidney stones because of a medical condition or family history, as the tendency to form kidney stones may also be inherited. If other people in your family have had them, you may have them too.
Who is likely to develop a kidney stone?
The number of people in the United States withkidney stones has been increasing over the past 30 years.For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 30 years. The prevalence of stone-forming disease rose from 3.8% in the late 1970s to 5.2% in the late 1980s and early 1990s. White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans, and they occur more frequently in men. The prevalence of kidney stones rises dramatically as men enter their 40s, and it continues to rise into their 70s. For women, the prevalence of kidney stones peaks in their 50s. Once a person gets more than one stone, others are more likely to develop.
What are symptoms of kidney stones?
Symptoms and signs of a kidney stone include excruciating, cramping painin the lower back and/or side, groin, or abdomen as well as blood in the urine.Kidney stones often cause no pain while they are in the kidneys, but they can cause sudden, severe pain as they travel from the kidneys to the bladder. Symptoms and signs include excruciating, cramping pain in the lower back and/or side, groin, or abdomen as well as blood in the urine. If infection is present in the urinary tract along with the stones, there may be fever and chills. A doctor should be called immediately.
How are kidney stones diagnosed?

A helical CT scan without contrast material is the mostcommon test to detect stones or obstruction within the urinary tract.The diagnosis of kidney stones is suspected by the typical pattern of symptoms when other possible causes of the abdominal or flank pain are excluded. Imaging tests are usually done to confirm the diagnosis. A helical CT scan without contrast material is the most common test to detect stones or obstruction within the urinary tract. In pregnant women or those who should avoid radiation exposure, an ultrasound examination may be done to help establish the diagnosis.
What is the treatment for kidney stones?
Depending on the size, most stoneseventually pass on their own within 48 hours.
Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own within 48 hours, with ample fluid intake. Pain medications can be prescribed for symptom relief. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage, while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9-10 mm rarely pass on their own and usually require treatment.
What is the treatment for stones that do not pass on their own?
For kidney stones that do not pass on their own, a shock wave procedurecalled lithotripsy is often used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces to pass.
For kidney stones that do not pass on their own, a procedure called lithotripsy is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system. Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as a ureteroscope that is passed through the urethra and bladder up into the ureter.
How can kidney stones be prevented?
To help prevent kidney stones, drink enough water to keep your urine clear.The most common cause of kidney stones is not drinking enough water. Try to drink enough water to keep your urine clear (about eight to 10 glasses of water a day). Drinking grapefruit juice may increase your risk for developing kidney stones.
What are risk factors you can control?
Dietary choices can affect kidney stone development.f you think that your diet may be a problem, schedule an appointment with a dietitian and review your food choices. Vitamins C and D can increase your risk of kidney stones when you take more than the daily recommendations. Levels of calcium in the diet may also affect your risk of kidney stones. Getting the recommended amounts of calcium combined with a low-sodium, low-protein diet may decrease your risk of kidney stones. Diets high in protein, sodium, and oxalate-rich foods, such as dark green vegetables, also increase your risk for developing kidney stones.
Learn about additional risk factors you can control.

Weight gain can increase the risk of kidney stones.
Weight gain can result in both insulin resistance and increased calcium in the urine, which can result in a greater risk for kidney stones. In one study, weight gain since early adulthood, a high body mass index (BMI), and a large waist size increased a person's risk for kidney stones. People who are not very active may also have problems with kidney stones. Additionally, some medicines, such as acetazolamide (Diamox) or indinavir (Crixivan), can cause kidney stones to form.

a big kiss and be hapy

answer anonymous question

Ola gostava de saber , se o homem sente alguma coisa ao perder a virgindade?

Vamos pensar um pouco sobre a virgindade. Embora este tema pareça ultrapassado, muitos jovens se sentem pressionados, uns porque são virgens, outros porque não são.Vocês perguntaram, discutimos juntos e aqui está nosso produto final. Incluímos os homens nesta discussão! Existe muita pressão dos amigos e até de familiares para que deixem de ser virgens, independente das incertezas que sentem.Começar a transar não é uma decisão fácil, deve-se pensar em um monte de coisas. É o começo de uma nova etapa de vida. Sexo é muito gostoso, faz parte da vida, traz novas descobertas sobre nós mesmos, sobre o outro, aumenta a intimidade e a cumplicidade entre o casal. Mas, é um momento que também traz outros questionamentos que precisam ser avaliados antes de tomarmos nossa decisão. Será que estou preparada/o? Será que dói? Como fazer pra não pegar AIDS? Para não "pintar" gravidez? Será que é esta a pessoa certa? O que meus amigos vão pensar? E se os meus pais descobrirem?

O que é ser virgem?
Esta pergunta parece fácil, mas é muito difícil de ser respondida, mexe com nossos valores, com nossa maneira de pensar e agir com os outros e com nós mesmos.Virgem é um termo freqüentemente usado para se referir a uma pessoa do sexo feminino que nunca teve uma relação sexual com penetração vaginal. E que, portanto, possui intacto seu hímen. Mas, e as garotas que já fizeram sexo oral, anal ou outro tipo de relação e que possuem intactos seus himens? O que você acha, são virgens?Vamos relembrar um pouquinho. A origem deste termo é religiosa e foi criado com o objetivo de inibir a atividade sexual da mulher, garantindo no casamento a legitimidade dos filhos. Pregou-se que a mulher que se mantivesse virgem até o casamento e depois se mantivesse fiel ao marido era digna e honrada. Essa norma social era importante pois garantia que somente os filhos legítimos do homem seriam herdeiros dos bens do casal. Naquela época os casamentos eram arranjados e muitas vezes o mais forte era o interesse econômico, não o amor. A virgindade também reforça o estado de desigualdade das mulheres em nossa cultura, onde se estabelece que o homem pode e deve ser experiente no sexo enquanto a mulher deve se manter “pura” e pouco experiente. Você acha que isto ainda acontece nos dias de hoje? Qual é a importância para você se uma pessoa é virgem ou não?

A virgindade é perdida na primeira relação?
Se estivermos falando do rompimento do hímen, às vezes sim, às vezes não. Existem vários tipos de hímen, um deles, chamado complacente, tem uma membrana mais resistente e flexível que não rompe na primeira relação.Deixar de ser virgem não tem a ver somente com romper o hímen, mas é encarar uma experiência nova, abrir novas possibilidades, viver novos prazeres e novos riscos também. O importante nesta hora é estar segura/o sobre a opção de iniciar uma vida sexualmente ativa.

Dói e sangra perder a virgindade?
Vai depender do tipo de hímen e das condições em que acontecer a relação. O hímen normalmente é uma membrana fina, perfurada, por onde passa a menstruação. É pouco vascularizado e biologicamente não tem função, a sociedade é que inventa mil coisas. Porém, se o rompimento se der exatamente no local onde passa um vaso sangüíneo, poderá sangrar um pouco.É importante que tanto o homem quanto a mulher saibam que a primeira relação não precisa doer ou sangrar. Durante o ato sexual, a vagina relaxa e aumenta para receber o pênis e quanto mais excitada a mulher estiver, mais lubrificada a vagina vai ficar. Muitas vezes, a tensão do momento e o lugar onde se está não ajudam a relaxar e o “clima” impede que a mulher se prepare para a penetração. Carinho, sentir que é a hora certa, estar com vontade e confiar no parceiro ajudam muito a não doer.Como foi a sua primeira vez? Ou como você gostaria que fosse? Essas perguntas também são para os homens!

Por que os homens não podem ser virgens?
Quem diz que não podem? A turma? Os familiares que cobram uma namorada?Assim como a sociedade exige a virgindade das garotas; dos meninos, ela exige exatamente o contrário. Isto é, têm que transar para provar que são homens, que são “machos”. Essa pressão só atrapalha, pois é preciso respeitar o desejo e o momento de cada um. Muitos garotos que ainda são virgens dizem querer esperar a hora certa, querem transar com quem gostam e os atraem. Querem decidir sobre este momento sem pressão. E isso é o que importa! O que você acha?

Existe alguma operação para voltar a ser virgem?
Se o problema da virgindade se resume ao hímen, existe uma cirurgia para restaurá-lo. Porém, o acesso a este serviço é quase impossível no setor público, e no setor privado os custos são muito altos. Mas, será que virgindade é só isto, um hímen? Sabemos que a virgindade não é só isto. Seu significado é muito mais amplo! A virgindade para cada um de nós tem um valor, quer dizer alguma coisa. Isto vai depender de tudo que aprendemos, das experiências que tivemos, dos nossos desejos e do que esperamos para nossas vidas. Muitas vezes sofremos influência daquilo que a sociedade acredita que é certo ser ou fazer. Então lhe perguntamos: Será que ter um hímen inteiro é tão importante? O que ele pode mudar na sua vida ou na vida da pessoa que você ama? Será que você não está se deixando levar por valores antigos onde, muitas vezes, o que importa são as aparências e não os sentimentos? Pense nisto! por outras palavras vais sentir prazer e dor.
Bem espero ter te ajudado nas tuas duvidas um beijo e ser feliz.

answer Dlila question

Teen Suicide Rates Remain High
Thursday, Sep 4 (Psych Central) -- A recent study raises new concerns about kids committing suicide in this country.
After a one year spike in the number of suicides, doctors were hoping to see more normal numbers in the latest study, but they didn’t. The number of kids committing suicide in the U.S. remains higher than expected, and that has doctors and parents looking for answers.
The findings are reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
According to the authors, for more than a decade the suicide rate among kids in this country had steadily and consistently declined, but that trend ended abruptly.
“Suddenly in 2004 we see the sharpest increase in the past 15 years and it appears that it’s persisting into 2005,” says Jeff Bridge, PhD, Nationwide Children’s Hospital.
2005 is the most recent year that the numbers are available, and they don’t look promising. Jeff Bridge is a researcher at Nationwide Children’s Hospital who conducted the study. He says while the numbers dipped slightly between ‘04 and ‘05 overall they are still up significantly.
That’s disturbing news to Rick Baumann. After his son, Gabe, first attempted suicide as a teenager, Rick devoted his life to suicide prevention and educating others. Like many parents, Rick knew little about warning signs.
“He just withdrew, wasn’t answering phone calls to his friends and all of that, but I have four other children and he was a teenager, and I just assumed it was teenage behavior,” says Rick.
But often it’s much more than that, and now that researchers have identified what may be an emerging crisis, the next step is to figure out what’s causing it. One answer may lie in the prescription of antidepressant medication.
Because of concerns over side effects, the number of kids prescribed anti-depressants has dropped by as much as 20 percent —with some believing that may be having a dire impact.
“The vast majority of young people who complete suicide have some sort of psychiatric disorder. Most commonly depression or some mood disorder,” says John Campo, MD, Nationwide Children’s Hospital.
So the kids who need the medicine most may not be getting it. Campo says there is no proven link between the drop in prescriptions and the rise in suicides, but the fact that they happened at the same time is worth looking into.
Experts say they also want to look into the Internet and how that may be playing a role in the number of kids committing suicide.

well have a hapy life sweety kiss

answer Michael question

I am a 26-year-old female who masturbates regularly. I have great orgasms quite easily by simply rubbing my clitoris. When I am having intercourse, however, I almost never have an orgasm. Could this be because of the way I masturbate?



It is highly unlikely that your manner of masturbating is the reason you find it difficult to have orgasms during intercourse. Most women masturbate by stimulating their clitoris in some way.
The clitoris is the center of sexual pleasure for most women, which is why so few women can have orgasms from intercourse alone. However, you should count yourself lucky. Because you can have orgasms easily by yourself, it should be possible to teach your partner. Simply show him how you like to be stimulated, and incorporate that into your sexual activities, whether it be before, during, after or instead of intercourse!






well good luck

answer jon question

Dealing with that roommate

You know the one: That roommate; the one whose roomie can’t stand her; the one the whole floor talks about. That roommate has the reputation for being impossible, spoiled, demanding, self-centered, or just too weird. That roommate is the roommate you don’t want to have and certainly don’t want to be.
Being a roommate isn’t easy, especially if you have never before shared space with even a sibling. But, believe it or not, it can be as important a growth experience as your classes. Being a good roomie means developing your tact, cooperation, generosity, and tolerance. Being a good roomie in spite of being stuck with that roommate means taking the high road even when you’d rather throw her off the nearest bridge. Managing to put up with her is good practice for the inevitable time when you will be stuck with that officemate, that boss, or that future parent-in-law.
Most colleges now try to match roommates at least by interests (athlete or musician) and habits (night owl or morning person, messy or neat). The effort at least ensures that you have something in common for the first ten minutes. Then comes the hard part: sharing space. I’ve canvassed my students. (Since most of my students are women, this is a decidedly female point of view. I’d be interested to know if the men agree.) Here’s what they say are the seven most important “sins” a person should avoid in order to prevent becoming that roommate.

1-Taking the “best side” just because she got there first. That roommate takes the side with the window, commandeers the better closet, sticks posters on the walls, and generally makes the room comfortable for herself before the other person even arrives. A smart roommate understands that how you set up a room together establishes a lot about how you will deal with each other. If you get there first, wait. Cooperate about how the room is arranged and whether you are comfortable with each other’s posters and decorations.

2-Sticking like a burr. Lacking self-confidence, thatroommate goes where the roomie goes, does what the roomie does, and never takes the hint that just maybe feelings aren’t quite mutual. Smart roommates know that it’s important to stretch and build their own social networks. If a friendship blossoms with a roommate, it’s a bonus.

3-“Borrowing.”That roommate believes “What’s yours is mine.” People have different ideas about what should be shared and when. Smart roommates ask at the outset whether it is okay to borrow school supplies, clothes, sports equipment, CDs, etc. There is no need to be judgmental about it. Both people have the right to feel that their stuff is “safe.” You may not agree with your roommate’s boundaries but you do need to respect them.

4-Taking up too much space. How hogging a room is defined depends on the roomie. That roommate finds what will drive her roommate out and does it. Thatroommate plays music so loud her roommate can’t think.That roommate invites ten friends over when her roomie has an exam the next day. That roommate keeps the TV going 24/7 or wants the lights on all night when her roomie is trying to sleep. Smart roommates are considerate. They don’t forget they are sharing a room, not tolerating an intruder.
5-Polluting the room. That roommate is a pig. No, your room doesn’t need to be ready for the photographers from the alumni magazine at all times. But there’s a difference between being comfortably casual and becoming a landfill. That roommate is oblivious to the molding pile of laundry in the corner, the scuzzy cup that is growing a new bacteria, or the sticky something that glues feet to floor. Smart roommates come to agreement about an acceptable level of cleanliness. Both tend toward piggyness? Smart roommates agree to a periodic cleanup so the college doesn’t have to fumigate.

6-Sex in the Dormitory. That roommate has the love interest spend the night, leaving the roomie to decide either to deal with those unmistakable noises in the dark only 6 feet away or to sleep on the broken-down couch in the lounge. Some choice! Smart roommates figure out how to deal with romance and overnights in advance.

7-Asking the roommate to keep unwanted secrets.That roommate is involved in illegal or harmful activity and expects her roomie to go along with it, regardless of the roomie’s feelings. Swearing a roommate to secrecy about self-destructive behavior (like bulimia or self-cutting) or illegal activity (like dealing drugs or falsifying records) or threats to others (like planning to hurt someone) puts a roommate in a terrible double-bind. To tell means betraying another’s confidence; something most people don’t do lightly, even to that roommate. To keep silent might mean signing on for a lifetime of guilt or the possibility of being the accessory to a crime. Smart roommates don’t expect a roomie to participate in keeping secrets about things that are a threat to self or others.

No one wants to be that roommate. No one wants to live with one either. A good conversation on day one protects you both. Some colleges are even going so far as to require an annual “contract” between roommates about issues like these. If you really can’t come to basic agreements about these seven areas, you should probably leave your stuff packed and arrange for an immediate switch. Why set yourselves up for a miserable semester? If, on the other hand, the two of you can make compromises so that you can both be reasonably comfortable in your room, you will have made the opportunity to stretch yourselves and to learn how a different kind of person manages her world. That’s an important part of what college is all about.

big kiss and good luck

answer Andreia question

hello jessica my name is Andreia, and i m Thinking About Using Match.com?

It can be a big decision to start online dating. Some people still see it as a service for losers who can’t meet people in real life. In reality, it’s a good option for busy, normal people. I know many people who have luck with it. I’ve done it and met some great men and some not so great men. Like real life, it offers good and bad options.
Online dating is a way to meet people you would never come across in your daily life. If you did come across them, you would probably walk by them on the street or stand behind them in line at the grocery store and never speak. Online, it’s possible to meet these people while wearing your flannel pajamas and ugly slippers. Single people are available for the emailing any time of day and it doesn’t matter if you are having a good hair day or not.
Getting Started
The most mainstream and popular dating site is Match.com. Millions of single men have posted themselves, hoping to meet you. There are so many people on the site that it can take weeks to wade through all of them when you first sign up. I live in a major city and within five miles of my apartment, there are approximately 500 single men in my age range.
If you’re kicking around signing up for match.com, the best thing to do (if available) is to get someone else’s login. By spending time on the site, you’ll be able to see if there are people there who interest you. You can get a feel for the site without making a monetary commitment.
If another person’s login is not available to you, you can still search through match.com without a login. The only limitation is that you will see only one photo and you’ll be cut off after viewing a few profiles. If you get cut off, clear the cache in your browser and the site should let you view more profiles.
After you’ve poked around the site and seen what the offerings are, you can give up on the idea, or go ahead and sign up. The only thing you have to lose by signing up is $50. It’s likely you’ll make this money back in free dinners anyway.
The You You Want Others to See
The first step after you sign up is posting your profile. This starts with pictures. It’s best to choose photos that show you in a range of situations. Not just the one of you in your best friend’s wedding wearing perfect makeup and with professionally done hair. You can post that photo, just be sure to post one reflecting what you look like every day. If you have recently cut your hair from butt length to chin length, choose the photo of the chin length hair. Show what you really look like.
The rest of the profile is all about how you answer the following profile questions:
This is the character limited, essay portion:
For funMy jobMy religionFavorite hot spotsFavorite thingsLast readAbout me and what I’m looking for (you get many more characters for this one, it’s your chance to talk about whatever you would like)
These are the easy questions that you answer using a pre-determined list:
Your AgeTown you live inAge range of men you are seekingLocation of men you are seekingRelationships (Marital status)Do you have kidsDo you want kidsEthnicityBody typeHeightReligionDo you smokeHow often do you drinkHair colorEyes colorBest FeatureAny body artWhat Sports and exercise you likeExercise habitDaily dietInterestsEducationOccupationIncomeLanguages you speakPoliticsAstrological SignMy Place (living situation)Pets I havePets I like
You also will need to choose a headline. See what other women have chosen, then make yours unique and catchy. Your headline, photo, and the first couple lines of your “about me and what I’m looking for” response will be what show up when men do searches.
Once you finish writing your fabulous responses to all these questions, proofread everything. There are people out there, me being one of them, who will quickly dismiss a profile based on poor grammar or misspellings. Your profile is how you are representing yourself to the match.com community, you don’t want to look like a dummy.
What Next?
When you are ready to post your profile, you’ll receive an email message telling you that it can take up to 72 hours for your profile to become available to the world. In reality, it’s more like 12-24 hours for your first posting. Get ready. Your inbox will soon be full of winks and emails to do what you please with.
Online dating can be entertaining and you may meet someone worthy of your affections. Have fun with it. Give it a shot. If you find it’s not for you, you can always cancel your membership.

well sweety good luck and have fun kiss

answer Adriana question

Hello jessica my name is Adriana can you tell me what is love??
what is love

What is love? It is one of the most difficult questions for the mankind. Centuries have passed by, relationships have bloomed and so has love. But no one can give the proper definition of love. To some �Love is friendship set on fire� for others �Maybe love is like luck. You have to go all the way to find it�. No matter how you define it or feel it, love is the eternal truth in the history of mankind.
Love is patient, love is kind. It has no envy, nor it boasts itself and it is never proud. It rejoices over the evil and is the truth seeker. Love protects; preserves and hopes for the positive aspect of life. Always stand steadfast in love, not fall into it. It is like the dream of your matter of affection coming true. Love can occur between two or more individuals. It bonds them and connects them in a unified link of trust, intimacy and interdependence. It enhances the relationship and comforts the soul. Love should be experienced and not just felt. The depth of love can not be measured. Look at the relationship between a mother and a child. The mother loves the child unconditionally and it can not be measured at all. A different dimension can be attained between any relationships with the magic of love. Love can be created. You just need to focus on the goodness of the other person. If this can be done easily, then you can also love easily. And remember we all have some positive aspect in us, no matter how bad our deeds maybe. And as God said �Love all�
Depending on context, love can be of different varieties. Romantic love is a deep, intense and unending. It shared on a very intimate and interpersonal and sexual relationship. The term Platonic love, familial love and religious love are also matter of great affection. It is more of desire, preference and feelings. The meaning of love will change with each different relationship and depends more on its concept of depth, versatility, and complexity. But at times the very existence of love is questioned. Some say it is false and meaningless. It says that it never exist, because there has been many instances of hatred and brutality in relationships. The history of our world has witnessed many such events. There has been hatred between brothers, parents and children, sibling rivalry and spouses have failed each other. Friends have betrayed each other; the son has killed his parents for the throne, the count is endless. Even the modern generation is also facing with such dilemmas everyday. But �love� is not responsible for that. It is us, the people, who have forgotten the meaning of love and have undertaken such gruesome apathy.
In the past the study of philosophy and religion has done many speculations on the phenomenon of love. But love has always ruled, in music, poetry, paintings, sculptor and literature. Psychology has also done lot of dissection to the essence of love, just like what biology, anthropology and neuroscience has also done to it.
Psychology portrays love as a cognitive phenomenon with a social cause. It is said to have three components in the book of psychology: Intimacy, Commitment, and Passion. Also, in an ancient proverb love is defined as a high form of tolerance. And this view has been accepted and advocated by both philosophers and scholars. Love also includes compatibility. But it is more of journey to the unknown when the concept of compatibility comes into picture. Maybe the person whom we see in front of us, may be least compatible than the person who is miles away. We might talk to each other and portray that we love each other, but practically we do not end up into any relationship. Also in compatibility, the key is to think about the long term successful relationship, not a short journey. We need to understand each other and must always remember that no body is perfect.
Be together, share your joy and sorrow, understand each other, provide space to each other, but always be there for each others need. And surely love will blossom to strengthen your relationship with your matter of affection.

well a big kiss and be hapy ok

answer carla question

hello jessica i m carla and i m 14

plz help me i need to know if im pregnant

First off, you're 14, so you shouldn't be having ANY kind of sex, unprotected or not. Second, you're worrying is warranted because you could be pregnant. You need to address this with your parents and/or doctor because you can have a period while you're pregnant .

If you don't want to worry yourself sick again, here's some excellent advice: DON'T HAVE SEX UNTIL YOU'RE MARRIED. It may seem like fun, but it's wrong, dangerous and irresponsible. There is NO SUCH THING as "safe sex" -- unless you are a virgin until marriage; your husband is a virgin until marriage and then the two of you NEVER fool around with anyone else. Condoms break; pills don't work all the time.

It's a lie and a myth, so don't believe it. Abortion is killing a human being. Motherhood at 14 is not something any girl is ready for physiologically or emotionally.

I hope you're not pregnant and that you have good enough sense to stop the cycle you're engaging in right now. Best wishes! big kiss